In the aerospace context, "Discovery" can refer to a few different things, including:
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The process of discovering new information or knowledge about the Earth, the solar system, or the universe. This can include the discovery of new planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies, as well as the discovery of new phenomena such as black holes, supernovas, and gamma ray bursts. Examples of spacecrafts that are used to discover new information are the Hubble Space Telescope and the Kepler space observatory.
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The name of a specific spacecraft, such as the NASA Space Shuttle Discovery. The Space Shuttle Discovery was one of NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles, which was in service from 1984 to 2011. It completed 39 missions and spent over a year in space.
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The name of a specific program, such as NASA's Discovery Program. The Discovery Program is a series of lower-cost, highly focused robotic space missions that are designed to explore the solar system. It is run by NASA's Planetary Science Division, and its goal is to explore the solar system and discover new information about its planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. Examples of missions under the Discovery program include the Mars Pathfinder, the MESSENGER mission to Mercury and the Dawn mission to Ceres and Vesta.
In general, "Discovery" in the aerospace context refers to the process of gaining new knowledge and understanding about the universe, through the use of spacecrafts, observatories and other means.