Dextre

Deutsch: Dextre / Español: Dextre / Português: Dextre / Français: Dextre / Italiano: Dextre

Dextre is a sophisticated robotic arm system, officially named the "Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator" (SPDM), designed and built by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). It is part of the Mobile Servicing System (MSS) on the International Space Station (ISS), where it assists with delicate and complex maintenance tasks, reducing the need for human spacewalks.

Description

Dextre is a two-armed robotic system attached to the larger Canadarm2 aboard the ISS. It is equipped with multiple tools, cameras, and sensors to perform precise, dexterous operations in the challenging environment of space. Dextre was launched aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in March 2008 during the STS-123 mission.

The robot plays a vital role in handling payloads, conducting repairs, and performing maintenance tasks such as replacing batteries and other components on the ISS's external surfaces. It reduces the risks associated with extravehicular activities (spacewalks) for astronauts by executing these complex operations remotely.

Each of Dextre's arms has seven joints, providing human-like dexterity. Its tools, including the robotic micro-conical tool and the ORU (Orbital Replacement Unit) tools, allow it to manipulate objects with high precision. It can operate autonomously or under control from operators on the ground at mission control centres.

Special Capabilities

Tool Handling and Versatility
Dextre can use specialised interchangeable tools, such as cameras, power drills, and cutters, to perform a wide range of tasks on the ISS.

Advanced Autonomy
It is equipped with semi-autonomous capabilities, enabling it to perform pre-programmed tasks without constant human oversight.

Component Replacement
Dextre specialises in replacing faulty components, including orbital replacement units (ORUs), which are critical for the station's upkeep.

Application Areas

• ISS Maintenance: Performs external repairs and upgrades to reduce the need for astronaut spacewalks.
• Payload Handling: Transfers and installs payloads delivered by spacecraft such as SpaceX Dragon and Cygnus.
• Scientific Instrument Installation: Assists in deploying and maintaining space-based research instruments.
• Battery Replacement: Plays a key role in the station's power system by replacing old batteries with new ones.

Well-Known Examples

• Battery Replacement Missions: Dextre has been instrumental in replacing the station's large lithium-ion batteries.
• Robotic Refuelling Mission (RRM): Demonstrated its ability to refuel satellites, showcasing its potential for future servicing missions.
• Repair of External Payloads: Assisted with repairs and installation of external scientific instruments on the ISS.

Risks and Challenges

• Complex Programming: Dextre’s intricate tasks require precise programming and coordination from mission control.
• Operational Limitations: Dependent on Canadarm2 for positioning, which can restrict its range of operation.
• Environmental Challenges: Must endure harsh space conditions, including extreme temperatures and radiation, which can impact its functionality over time.

Similar Terms

• Canadarm2: The larger robotic arm system on the ISS that serves as a platform for Dextre.
• Robonaut: A humanoid robot developed by NASA for internal and external maintenance tasks on the ISS.
• European Robotic Arm (ERA): A robotic system similar to Canadarm2, developed for the Russian segment of the ISS.

Summary

Dextre is a highly advanced robotic system that enhances the operational efficiency of the International Space Station by performing complex maintenance tasks. Its ability to reduce reliance on spacewalks, handle delicate components, and support scientific missions makes it an indispensable asset for modern space exploration and station operations.

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