Glossary H

Deutsch: Höhen-Azimut-Antennen-Test / Español: Prueba de Antenas de Azimut en Altura / Português: Teste de Antenas de Azimute em Altura / Français: Test des Antennes d'Azimut en Hauteur / Italiano: Test delle Antenne di Azimut in Altezza /

Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site is above the surrounding landscape.

English: Habitability / Deutsch: Bewohnbarkeit / Español: Habitabilidad / Português: Habitabilidade / Français: Habitabilité / Italiano: abitabilità /

In the realm of aerospace, habitability takes on a unique and critical role. It refers to the conditions and provisions necessary to make a space, whether it's a spacecraft, space station, or future extraterrestrial colony, suitable for human habitation.

In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.

Deutsch: Hacken / Español: Piratería informática / Português: Hackeamento / Français: Piratage / Italiano: Hacking

Hacking in the space industry refers to unauthorized access, disruption, or manipulation of space-based systems, such as satellites, communication networks, or ground control stations. This malicious activity can target both governmental and commercial space assets, causing data breaches, service interruptions, or even loss of control over spacecraft and critical infrastructure.

Deutsch: Hall-Effekt / Español: Efecto Hall / Português: Efeito Hall / Français: Effet Hall / Italiano: Effetto Hall /

In the space industry context, the Hall-effect refers to a principle used in the operation of Hall-effect thrusters (HETs), a type of electric propulsion system for spacecraft. The Hall-effect describes the generation of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. This phenomenon was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.

Deutsch: Halo / Español: Halo / Português: Halo / Français: Halo / Italiano: Alone

Halo in the space industry context generally refers to a specific type of orbit used in satellite communications and observations, known as a "Halo orbit". These orbits are three-dimensional, periodic orbits found near the L1, L2, or L3 Lagrange points in a two-body system, such as the Earth and the Sun or the Earth and the Moon. Halo orbits are particularly significant for their stability and the unique observational perspectives they offer, which are useful for various scientific and telecommunication applications.

Deutsch: Halo-Orbit / Español: Órbita halo / Português: Órbita halo / Français: Orbite halo / Italiano: Orbita halo

A halo orbit is a type of three-dimensional periodic orbit around the Lagrange points in a two-body system, such as the Earth and the Moon or the Earth and the Sun. These orbits are named for their halo-like shape when viewed from the side. Halo orbits are particularly significant in the context of space missions due to their unique stability and vantage points for observation and communication.

A high altitude platform station (HAPS) is a type of aircraft or other platform that is designed to operate at high altitudes, typically in the range of 6,000 to 20,000 meters. HAPS are used for a variety of purposes, including telecommunications, remote sensing, and scientific research.

Harbor --->Harbour (UK-English)

Deutsch: Härte / Español: dureza / Português: dureza / Français: dureté / Italiano: durezza

Hardness in the space industry context refers to the ability of materials, components, or systems to withstand harsh space environments without degrading in performance or functionality. This includes resistance to factors such as radiation, extreme temperatures, vacuum conditions, and mechanical stress, which are all prevalent in outer space.

In the aerospace industry, the term "hardware" refers to the physical components or devices that make up an aircraft or spacecraft. This includes everything from structural components and propulsion systems to sensors, controls, and other electronic systems.

Deutsch: Harsh / Español: Severo / Português: Rigoroso / Français: Sévère / Italiano: Severo /

Harsh refers to environments or conditions that are difficult, extreme, or challenging in some way. Harsh environments or conditions can be physically or mechanically demanding, and they can present challenges for the operation and performance of aerospace systems and components.

Deutsch: Raue Weltraumumgebung / Español: Entorno espacial adverso / Português: Ambiente espacial hostil / Français: Environnement spatial difficile / Italiano: Ambiente spaziale ostile

Harsh Space Environment in the space industry context refers to the extreme and unforgiving conditions encountered beyond Earth's atmosphere, which present significant challenges to spacecraft, satellites, and human spaceflight. This environment is characterized by a vacuum, extreme temperatures, microgravity, high levels of radiation, and the presence of micrometeoroids and space debris. These factors necessitate robust design and innovative technologies to ensure the survival and functionality of space missions.

A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value.

HDRM is a shortcut for High-density reactive material (RM).

Heading is the direction in which an aircraft is pointing, measured clockwise in degrees from North. Note that this is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's track because of wind.

Deutsch: Gesundheitswesen / Español: Atención sanitaria / Português: Cuidados de saúde / Français: Soins de santé / Italiano: Assistenza sanitaria

Healthcare in the space industry refers to the systems, technologies, and practices designed to monitor, maintain, and improve the physical and mental well-being of astronauts during space missions. It also includes the research and development of medical solutions to address the unique challenges posed by the space environment, such as microgravity, radiation exposure, isolation, and prolonged confinement. Healthcare in space is critical for the success of long-duration missions, such as those to the Moon, Mars, or on the International Space Station (ISS), and for ensuring astronaut safety and performance.

In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary.

Deutsch: Wärmeabsorption / Español: Absorción de calor / Português: Absorção de calor / Français: Absorption de chaleur / Italiano: Assorbimento del calore

Heat absorption in the space industry context refers to the capacity of spacecraft materials and systems to absorb and manage thermal energy. This is crucial for protecting spacecraft and satellites from the extreme temperatures encountered in space, as well as for maintaining the necessary conditions for onboard instruments and crewed missions. Effective heat absorption and thermal management systems are essential for ensuring that spacecraft can withstand the intense cold of shadowed space and the severe heat of direct solar radiation without suffering damage to structural integrity or onboard systems.

In the aerospace context, heavy-lift refers to the ability of an aircraft or launch vehicle to lift and transport large, heavy payloads such as satellites, space stations, or other large structures or equipment.